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module menu icon Systemic non-biological treatment

Systemic non-biological (immunomodulatory) agents are methotrexate, ciclosporin and acitretin. Each requires careful monitoring to minimise the risk of harmful side effects. Apremilast (Otezla from Celgene) €“ the first of a new class of systemic non-biological drugs €“ was approved in Europe in January 2015.

The dose has to be titrated up over the first week to minimise the occurrence of GI side-effects. Unlike the agents described above, apremilast does not require intensive monitoring for toxicity.

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