Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
If the rate of bone resorption is higher than that of formation, the bones become more fragile and porous, which increases the risk of fractures. This is osteoporosis – a condition that is most common in post-menopausal women due to falling oestrogen levels. However, there are a number of risk factors for the condition, including smoking, heavy drinking, low body weight, poor diet, long-term use of corticosteroid medication, hyperthyroidism and lack of physical activity. The condition develops gradually over several years and has no obvious symptoms. Often the first noticeable sign is a bone breaking (fracture) following a fall.
There are measures that can reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis – notably, taking regular exercise, including strength training; stopping smoking; keeping alcohol within recommended limits; and eating a balanced diet. Calcium supplements, hormone replacement therapy and medicines such as bisphosphonates may be needed.