The impact of other body systems

There are several other conditions that can cause joint and muscle pain, despite not being musculoskeletal
in nature, including the following:

• Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune condition that particularly affects the glands that produce bodily fluids such as tears, saliva and mucus. Common symptoms include dry eyes, mouth and throat –which can make swallowing and talking difficult – and fatigue, as well as muscle and joint aches and pains. There is no cure, but regular exercise, NSAIDs and losing weight if necessary can all help. Hydroxychloroquine may be prescribed as a last resort if other management methods have not helped
• Fibromyalgia stems from the nervous system incorrectly processing signals from various parts of the body, which can lead to pain and stiffness all over the body, along with tiredness and poor concentration, among other symptoms. Again, there is no cure, but painkillers, antidepressants, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and lifestyle changes such as exercise programmes and relaxation techniques may help
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition that affects many different parts of the body. Symptoms often come and go, but some of the more common include joint pain, skin rashes and fatigue. SLE is different to discoid lupus, which only affects the skin. SLE is better managed if it is found early. Ibuprofen and hydroxychloroquine can be used to ease associated joint problems. Staying active, even when the condition flares up, is important in managing the condition.