Identifying depression

A good starting point when identifying possible cases of depression is to ask about the two core symptoms: 

• During the last month have you often felt down, depressed or hopeless?
• Do you have little interest or pleasure in doing things?

If the answer is along the lines of “yes, most of the time on most days for at least two weeks”, the next questions should be about the associated symptoms of depression. These include: 

• Disturbed sleep (more or less than usual)
• Change in appetite or weight (increase or decrease)
• Tiredness and low energy
• Agitation or slower than usual movements
• Poor concentration or indecisiveness
• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
• Suicidal thoughts or acts. 

In younger sufferers, the presentation of depression may be slightly different. Symptoms may appear more anxiety-orientated and there may be behaviour changes such as being withdrawn, self-critical, apathetic or irritable, or self-harming. There may also be some seemingly unrelated issues present, such as headaches or stomach pains, self-neglect or a deterioration in school performance or attendance. 

Anyone who seems to fit these criteria should be advised to make contact with their GP. If this is problematic, calling 111 or using the NHS 111 online service are also options. A&E or calling 999 is the best course of action for someone who doesn’t feel they can keep themselves or someone else safe. 

Other useful services include the Samaritans (call 116 123), and a text crisis service provided by the charity Shout (text SHOUT to 85258).