Phytochemicals

Research shows that there are many substances in plant foods that exert physiological effects which influence our health status. Examples include flavonoids, such as anthocyanidins and anthocyanins, which are the brightly coloured pigments found in vegetables and fruits, including blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, red onions, red cabbage and purple carrots. These compounds have been found to have a positive influence on the brain and memory function, and can improve visual and neurological health.They also have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and can help to protect against various non-communicable diseases.

There are many other groups of phytochemicals that are being studied in terms of their health benefits, and there is ongoing research to identify the potential therapeutic effects of incorporating these substances into the diet. Examples include the flavonoids found in citrus fruits, which have been shown to regulate biomarkers of glycaemic control, hepatic enzymes, lipid profiles, renal function and antioxidant enzymes. Citrus flavonoids have also been shown to modulate signalling pathways in glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, which are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its related complications.

Phytochemicals do not have recommended daily intakes. Different phytochemicals with a range of different properties can be found in the various pigments of fruit and vegetables.