Food allergies and food intolerances are not the same and it is essential to understand how to distinguish between the two conditions

Allergies and intolerances are not the same. A food allergy is an adverse reaction to the protein component of a food, which evokes an immunological response. When this is severe, it may result in anaphylaxis. An intolerance is an adverse reaction to a ‘non-protein’ component in the food, which does not involve the immune system and reactions may be delayed. The symptoms are often gastrointestinal or skin-related.

Lactose intolerance is caused by a reduced level of the enzyme lactase, which breaks down the lactose in milk so that it can be absorbed into the blood. It is often a temporary problem, lasting between a few days and a few weeks. It can also occur after gastroenteritis – an infection causing vomiting or diarrhoea. It is also thought to be a possible cause of colic.

An intolerance is an adverse reaction to a ‘non-protein’ component in the food

Symptoms

• Bloated stomach, possibly with abdominal pain
• Wind
• Loose stools or diarrhoea
• Mild colic
• Poor weight gain or even weight loss.

Treatment

If a baby might be suffering from lactose intolerance, refer the customer to a pharmacist, who will most likely refer to a GP or health visitor for specialist advice.

Formula milks

Once lactose intolerance has been diagnosed, a lactose-free formula (e.g. Aptamil Lactose Free or SMA LF Lactose Free Formula) may be recommended. These are nutritionally complete milks that can be used from birth for infants who have a congenital or temporary lactase deficiency. These milks taste similar to routine infant formula milk, so babies should not notice a difference.