Sunburn is when the skin becomes red, hot and sore as a result of too much exposure to the sun. The most obvious thing to do is to get out of the sun, but it is also sensible to cool the skin using a damp towel or in the shower and by applying aftersun products. Protective measures should be taken such as using sunscreen.  

Dehydration is a real risk and can be averted by drinking plenty of water. Taking painkillers such as ibuprofen and paracetamol can ease any discomfort. Blisters and peeling skin should be left well alone, but someone who is feeling very unwell should seek medical attention. 

DVT is something many long-haul travellers worry about, but it is actually quite rare in otherwise healthy people. The formation of a blood clot (thrombosis) in a deeply embedded vein – most commonly in the legs – is more likely in those who have had issues with blood clots or a stroke in the past, have cancer or heart disease, are pregnant or a very new mother, are taking the contraceptive pill, are overweight, or have recently had major surgery.

These individuals may benefit from wearing compression stockings, which promote good blood flow but they must be properly fitted by a pharmacist or GP. Some individuals may also need medication such as warfarin. Other measures that can help reduce the risk of DVT include wearing loose, comfortable clothes, walking around whenever possible, drinking plenty of water, steering clear of alcohol and sedatives, and doing calf exercises every half hour. Flight socks can be purchased to help improve circulation while seated on a flight.

DVT can be symptomless, but signs that should cause concern – and require emergency medical attention – include pain, swelling, aching, tenderness, redness and heat in the calf of one leg, or breathlessness and chest pain if the clot has moved to the lung. This is known as a pulmonary embolism (PE). 

Insect bites and stings can be painful and itchy but will usually clear up on their own quite quickly. Stings or ticks that are left in the skin should be removed, the area washed and dried and then a cold compress applied for at least 10 minutes with the area elevated, if possible, to reduce swelling. Scratching should be avoided. If the site is very itchy, there are several OTC remedies that can help, including topical anti-itch treatments, hydrocortisone cream and antihistamine cream and/or tablets.

Simple analgesics can be taken to reduce pain if needed. Pharmacy staff should know how and when all of these products can be used, including any restrictions. Medical advice should be sought by anyone who has:

• Been bitten or stung in the mouth or throat or around the eyes
• If a large area is affected
• If symptoms continue for a long time or worsen
• There are signs of a more widespread infection such as fever, swollen glands or feeling generally unwell. 

Emergency help may be necessary for customers who have had a severe reaction to an insect bite or sting (an anaphylactic reaction), for example, difficulty breathing or swallowing, being sick, a fast heart rate, dizziness or fainting.