It is thought that around one in seven couples in the UK has trouble conceiving, and increasing numbers are seeking medical help for the issue. In a quarter of cases, no cause is identified, but in over half of couples the woman is discovered to have a problem (most commonly related to ovulation), and in four in 10 cases, issues are uncovered in both the man and the woman.

NICE states that couples should try to conceive for at least a year – and in line with the frequency of intercourse already stated – before seeking medical help, though there are exceptions. Investigations range from basic blood screens to more invasive keyhole procedures. If a reason is unearthed, attempts will be made to restore fertility if practicable, rather than starting with assisted reproductive techniques.

The emotional turmoil of trying to conceive and it not happening as planned should not be underestimated. Pharmacy staff have a role in supporting customers who are on this difficult journey, wherever it takes them, and can help by lending a sympathetic ear as well as advising on coping strategies, from keeping a journal in order to express emotions and taking regular exercise, to seeking professional counselling.