Osmotic laxatives

Examples include lactulose and macrogels. These keep fluid in the bowel and the faeces, making them easier to pass. They can take up to three days to work but are a gentle option.

Lactulose is a synthetic sugar that is not absorbed by the body. It has a sweet taste and so may be more palatable for children. Example: Duphalac.

Macrogol 4000, available in sachet format, binds to water and is transported unchanged through the body to the large intestine. Here, osmotic effects increase stool volume and naturally prompt bowel movement, normally within one to two days. Example: Dulcobalance.

Faecal softeners

Examples include docusate sodium and glycerin suppositories. They work by lubricating the faeces and making them easier to pass. Glycerin suppositories also act as stimulant laxatives. Example: Dulcoease.