Abdominal pain and cramping are recognised symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic condition that may flare up for a few days and then improve or resolve completely. Additional symptoms include:

• Changes in bowel habits
• Abdominal bloating
• Excessive wind
• Passing mucus
• An urgent need to empty the bowels.

Exactly what causes IBS is not clear, but possible factors include:

• Problems with how food moves along the digestive tract
• Having a digestive tract that is particularly sensitive
• Dietary factors, such as a food allergy or intolerance; eating fatty, spicy, acidic or rich foods, or drinking caffeine or alcohol
• A genetic link
• Hormonal changes such as those that occur during the menstrual cycle
• Psychological factors such as stress, anxiety or depression.

If IBS is suspected in anyone presenting with abdominal cramps, you should refer them to your pharmacist as they may need to see a GP for a diagnosis.